Fibroids, also known as uterine leiomyomas or myomas, are noncancerous growths that develop in or on a woman’s uterus. They are quite common, with many women experiencing them at some point in their lives. Understanding the different types of fibroids can help in managing symptoms and determining the best treatment options.

1. Intramural Fibroids

Intramural fibroids are the most common type. They develop within the muscular wall of the uterus. As these fibroids grow, they can expand and distort the shape of the uterus, which may lead to a range of symptoms including heavy menstrual bleeding, pain during intercourse, and pressure in the pelvic area.

2. Subserosal Fibroids

Subserosal fibroids grow on the outer wall of the uterus. These fibroids extend outward and can sometimes be connected to the uterus by a stalk-like structure called a peduncle. Women with subserosal fibroids may experience pressure symptoms, particularly if the fibroid is large, but they often have fewer problems with heavy bleeding compared to intramural fibroids.

3. Submucosal Fibroids

Submucosal fibroids develop just beneath the lining of the uterine cavity. These fibroids can protrude into the uterine cavity and are associated with heavy menstrual bleeding, prolonged periods, and infertility. Submucosal fibroids are less common than intramural and subserosal types but are often more symptomatic due to their location.

4. Pedunculated Fibroids

Pedunculated fibroids can be either subserosal or submucosal. These fibroids are attached to the uterus by a stalk. If they are submucosal, they grow into the uterine cavity; if they are subserosal, they extend outward. Depending on their size and location, pedunculated fibroids can cause pressure symptoms or interfere with menstrual cycles.

5. Cervical Fibroids

Cervical fibroids form in the cervix, the lower part of the uterus that opens into the vagina. These fibroids are relatively rare but can cause issues such as pressure on the bladder, irregular bleeding, or complications during pregnancy and delivery.

6. Multiple Fibroids

Many women develop multiple fibroids instead of just one. The presence of multiple fibroids can exacerbate symptoms like heavy menstrual bleeding, pelvic pressure, and pain. Treatment options may vary based on the number, size, and location of the fibroids.

Symptoms of Fibroids

The symptoms of fibroids can vary widely depending on their size and location. Common symptoms include:

• Heavy menstrual bleeding
• Menstrual periods lasting more than a week
• Pelvic pain or pressure
• Frequent urination
• Difficulty emptying the bladder
• Constipation
• Pain during intercourse

Treatment Options

Treatment for fibroids will differ depending on the severity of symptoms and the woman's reproductive plans. Common options include:

• Watchful waiting for asymptomatic fibroids
• Medications to manage symptoms
• Minimally invasive procedures such as uterine artery embolization
• Surgical options like myomectomy for removal of fibroids
• Hysterectomy in severe cases for women who no longer desire fertility

Understanding the different types of fibroids is essential in addressing the symptoms they cause and deciding on the most effective treatment options. If you suspect you have fibroids or are experiencing related symptoms, consulting with a healthcare provider is crucial for proper diagnosis and management.