Ovarian cysts are fluid-filled sacs that can develop on the ovaries, and they are relatively common among women of reproductive age. Understanding the different types of ovarian cysts is crucial for effective management and treatment. Below are the primary types of ovarian cysts.

1. Functional Cysts

Functional cysts are the most common type, usually occurring during the menstrual cycle. They are classified into two main categories:

• Follicular Cysts: These form when a follicle (the sac that contains an egg) fails to release an egg during ovulation, causing the follicle to continue growing.
• Corpus Luteum Cysts: After the egg is released, the follicle transforms into the corpus luteum. If it fills with fluid instead of dissolving, it can form a corpus luteum cyst.

2. Dermoid Cysts

Dermoid cysts, also known as teratomas, are unique as they can contain various types of tissue, including hair, skin, and even teeth. These cysts typically develop from germ cells, which are responsible for forming eggs. Dermoid cysts are usually benign, but surgical removal may be necessary if they cause pain or discomfort.

3. Endometriomas

Endometriomas develop as a result of endometriosis, a condition where endometrial tissue grows outside the uterus. These cysts are often referred to as “chocolate cysts” due to their dark, thick fluid. Endometriomas can be painful and may require treatment to manage symptoms and preserve fertility.

4. Cystadenomas

Cystadenomas are non-cancerous growths that develop on the surface of the ovaries. They can be filled with a watery or mucous substance and may grow large, sometimes necessitating surgical removal. There are two types:

• Mucinous Cystadenomas: These contain a thick, sticky fluid and can be larger than serous cystadenomas.
• Serous Cystadenomas: These are filled with a thin, watery fluid and are more common than mucinous cystadenomas.

5. Polycystic Ovaries

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal disorder that can lead to multiple small cysts forming on the ovaries. These cysts are often asymptomatic but can cause issues such as irregular periods, weight gain, and fertility challenges. Managing PCOS often requires lifestyle changes and medical intervention.

Conclusion

Ovarian cysts are generally benign and often resolve on their own without treatment. However, understanding the different types of ovarian cysts is essential for women's health. If you experience symptoms like pelvic pain or irregular menstrual cycles, consulting a healthcare professional is crucial for proper diagnosis and treatment.